American history after 1865 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

American history after 1865 - Coursework Example From this research it is clear that slavery was one of the traditions destroyed during the conflict. The tradition where whites especially in the southern society were keeping slaves without respecting their human rights came into destruction because of the conflict. The conflict also managed to destroy the deep-rooted belief of the Southern Whites that slaves would only work under compulsion. Several institutions including factories that were owned by Whites in large cities like Atlanta, Columbia and Richmond were set on fire. After the civil war, freed slaves managed to remain reluctant to settle down and form relationship with their former masters. However, some of them committed themselves to wage labor while others changed masters. Some of the freed slaves were waiting to get land of their own as promised by the government. In order to survive, many of the ex-slaves managed to secure employment through contract labor system. The freed slaves also managed to create institutions t hat they were denied during the slavery era. Some of the institutions they managed to create include schools, churches and several fraternal. The Northerners managed to release many slaves. Some of them went to the South to offer materialistic and humanitarian services. The Northern military was willing to set a military base for the freed men and women in the South. However, the Southerners were not ready to accept any help from the Northerners and the disagreement resulted into chaos. Therefore, the North was not successful in changing the Southern society. The North also did not manage to stop the issue of racial oppression in the Southern society (Divine et al. 477). The hailing prosperous of the Southern society remained unsuccessful and poor because of exploitation from the northern business interests (Divine et al. 471) 4.  Why was Northern interest in Southern reconstruction waning? The Northern interest in reconstruction waned because the South managed to create a strong opposition especially in the early 1870s. Heavy black turn in the elections of 1872 helped the Republicans to hold more powers and create a strong ruling foundation in most of the Southern states (Divine et al. 469). The Republican leaders were interested in industrial and western expansion as opposed to the Northerners. A series of laws were passed that favored the Southerners especially giving more power to its army. This contributed in waning of the Northern interest in Southern reconstruction. 5.  Why were the Redeemers able to take back the South? The redeemers managed to neglect the interest of white farmers who were in the South and this made many of the Whites to lose their farms. The Redeemers were interested in economic growth and development, which made them have significant support in the South. A third of the Redeemers were professional politicians and they had great experience in leadership that helped them to take back the south. The Redeemers also managed to rule o n two basic principles that helped in uniting the Southern planters through blocking the government from directly interfering in the economy (Divine et al. 471). Moreover, disputed elections of 1876 that led to a compromise in 1877 contributed in making the Redeemers take control of the South (Divine et al. 470). Part 2 1. Could a fair policy towards Native Americans been devised? It was possible to devise a fair policy towards Native Americans if only they agreed to comply with the policy. However, most of the Native American did not manage to comply with the set policies. For example, the concentration policy failed to last for long because the Indians broke boundaries while hunting buffalos (Divine et al. 485). 2. What impact did the frontier

Movie review--photography Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

--photography - Movie Review Example Fashion is something that defines a generation or a culture. That is why, during different time in history of humanity, there have been a variant in fashions trend. It is this fact that influenced Bill’s career and fascinates him. While on the street, Bill never minds being hit by car. This is depicted in the film where at some point he is in between traffic, which endangers him. He realizes this and admits that it is never easy to capture fashion in New York City. Again, Bill says he is never interested in celebrities free dresses neither is he a paparazzi. In the film, it is clear that the females have a rich orientation of fashion in their dress code than male. This is so because in Bill’s photo gallery, he has more females’ pictures than males’ (Bill, 46-51). In conclusion, Bill act of photographing and reporting to public influences the fashion trend of the day. Whenever Bill shared a new fashion, it could be noted afterwards that people could adopt the new fashion. Undoubtedly, bill had passion of his career since in several occasions he turned down monetary offers from

Nike Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nike - Research Paper Example This helped the firm a lot because it enabled the company the ability to raise money for future expansion. In 1985 Nike made its best decision ever by signing rookie basketball star, Michael Jordan, to a sponsorship contract. Jordan was given signature shoes which became extremely popular among the youth. The success of the Air Jordan shoes made Nike the industry leader. Innovations such as the external air bags made Nike products unique from the competition. Nike used superior marketing campaigns to showcase its products. It’s slogan â€Å"Just do it† was created in 1988. A year later Nike signed another popular athlete, Bo Jackson, which helped the company increased its market share in the cross training product segment. In 1996 Nike signed another incredible athlete to become a sponsor in gulf superstar Tiger Woods. Today Nike has become the world’s leading innovator in footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessories (Nikeinc). In fiscal year 2013 Nike Corporation generated total revenues of $25.13 billion and a net income of $2.48 billion. The firm is very well managed led by its CEO and President Mark Parker. Phillip H. Knight is the Chairman of the board of directors. The company has many popular brands including Converse, Hurley International, Jordan brand, and Nike Gulf. Its branding strategy has helped the company obtain a tremendous customer retention rate. Based on Pareto’s 80/20 rule 80% of a company’s sales come from 20% of its customers. In the late 1990’s Nike was involved in a sweatshop scandal that hurt its reputation and depleted its sales by 50% a year after the revelation of the scandal, but since then the firm has cleaned up its act to become one of the most socially responsible companies in the world. â€Å"The Nike Foundation works to unleash the unique potential of adolescent girls to end poverty for themselves and for the world† (Nikeinc). Nike believes in the value of cultural diversity. It has several

Domination of Anglo-Saxon Corporations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Domination of Anglo-Saxon Corporations - Essay Example The elections in Germany in 2005 focused greatly on the role of corporations in the modern economy, and the change of governments marked the start of the embedding of Anglo-Saxon brand of corporate responsibility (Davis 2005). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become the hotbed of debates over the passage of time not only in the US but in many countries of the world as the public has become more aware of the impacts of giant corporations and their dominance of the markets. CSR relates to the notion of the responsibility that the corporations owe to other than their shareholders. Anglo-Saxon corporations have acquired large shares of the market over the period of time, particularly in European nations and in Asia. In these regions, the debates are ensuing between Anglo-Saxon shareholder capitalism and stakeholder capitalism. Proponents of Anglo-Saxon shareholder capitalism are of the perspective that the companies should only pursue the interests of their shareholders. On the other hand, stakeholder capitalism argues that corporations should also take into account the interests of the local community and their employees (The Economist 2002). The debates have also come to include globalization. It is argued that Anglo-Saxon corporations have used globalization to dominate other social and political institutions to further their own interests. Dr. ...For the most part of the previous century, the Anglo-Saxons have been the major ethnic dominating group. In the modern era, they are the producers of more than one-third of the total economic output all over the world. The Anglo-Saxon countries include the five countries i.e. America, Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The countries have gained dominance not only economically but also in the political arena and other aspects of governance such as the army, culture of the country and the moral values. Statistics report that the countries are the producers of US$20 trillion output of a total economic ou tput (GDP) of $58 trillion; the US alone makes an output worth $14 trillion (The Casual Truth 2010). This has contributed greatly in the countries gaining dominance in the financial market (such as through IMF and the World Bank), the oil industry, where six large corporations control a major proportion of the market. The Anglo-Saxons are not a major ethnic group in the world, yet these $14 trillion individuals remain as the some of the richest and powerful consumers of the world (The Casual Truth 2010). The great extent of the power of these corporations has enabled them to become a politically dominant force. The UK and the US are two of the five members of the UN Security Council. If countries want to pass a Bill on climate change, it is likely that there are little chances of the acceptance of the Bill if the US does not agree to it.

Xi Chuan Earthquake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Xi Chuan Earthquake - Essay Example However, there are instances wherein big, catastrophic earthquakes hit the region. An example of which happened on May 12, 2008, 06:28:04 (UTC) wherein according to official reports, seventy thousand people were killed, three hundred seventy four thousand people were injured, and about seventeen thousand more were reported missing. (Chen, Qiao, and Liu 809) Compared to other natural calamities, earthquakes are close to impossible to predict. The fault lines may have been identified and mapped out but no one can really tell when a big earthquake will happen. These events can only be studied after they have already happened and the damages to property and the loss of lives have been done. If a catastrophe is defined as an event causing great and often sudden damage and suffering (Miriam Webster dictionary of the English Language) that definition is especially true for the earthquakes that plague the Xi Chuan region in the heart of mainland China. Houses were turned to mere rubble while the very foundations of old castles crack and give way to the power of nature. Unfortunately, in these display of nature’s power, human lives are also lost. Preventing mortality and too much loss in infrastructure led the Chinese to develop ways to hopefully predict when big, catastrophic earthquakes would strike and where. Although they failed in making an early warning system for earthquakes at that time, the ancient Chinese built the 1st rudimentary seismograph to be able to detect where in the realm an earthquake occurred so as to direct help there immediately (Weiland). The quest for an effective means to predict where and when strong earthquakes will occur is still the goal in China and the rest of the world nowadays, but fortunately there are many instruments, equations and programs available as well as volumes of seismic data that can give clues to the time and place these big earthquakes would hit. It is not merely the geologists’ and geophysicists’ jo b to make sure of the safety of the people and the reduction of the destruction on infrastructure. Scientists, policy makers, as well as the private sector need to work hand-in-hand to prevent further devastation caused by these types of calamities. Dynamic planning and effective implementation of different measures assure the safety of people living in these earthquake-prone zones. This study focuses on recent techniques and breakthroughs that have been and will be used in predicting the occurrence of strong earthquakes in the Xi Chuan basin region and then we will evaluate each strategy’s impact on the disaster planning and response of the area. Improvements in the early warning system technology is the key to reducing mortality and destruction of infrastructure caused by large earthquakes and the efficient dissemination of information will be the determinant to each stratagem’s effectiveness. This paper will also touch on the improvements on the policies that favor earthquake readiness and the level of implementation of these laws since the eight magnitude earthquake in 2008. Literature Review A brief history of the study of seismic activity in the Xi Chuan basic region was detailed in the study of Han and Jiang (231). The Xi Chuan – Yunnan and Xi Chuan – Quinghai area has been plagued with earthquakes historically due to its location within active faults. Records of big and damaging earthquakes were passed down from dynasty to dynasty until this present age. Although China had been a nation for

Two Reading Journals Essay Example for Free

Two Reading Journals Essay â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery O’Connor is a story which utilizes caricatures of people to reveal some aspects of character that all readers can identify with.   While the characters on the literal level seem too unreasonably stereotyped to be real, some of their behaviors and responses are actually very similar to those of all humanity.   For example, the Grandmother begins as the quintessential nagging, hyper-critical, self-absorbed old woman that everyone prefers to ignore. However, her constant spouting of religious maxims and her ability to use her holier-than-thou attitude for guilt purposes is a trait that many readers recognize in their own family members or even themselves, perhaps as the oppressed son, even.    After the initial encounter with the Misfit, these stereotypical demeanors fade away, and the real personality of the characters can come through.    This is similar to the concept that people’s true selves come through in times of great trial or emergency.   The bratty children clam up in fear, and the grandmother begins to treat the Misfit with an almost caring respect, which he doesn’t buy, of course.   Her ultimate attempt to â€Å"save† the Misfit from sin fails, just as her attempt to win loyalty from her son by guilting him into doing her bidding fails.   However, she is forced into thinking about someone else, in this case the Misfit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?† by Joyce Carol Oates tells the story of a tough talking teen girl who is constantly concerned with the appearance she projects to the outside world.   Her tough exterior is extremely believable, as many teens suffer from this underlying lack of confidence. However, her pursuit by the psychotic Arnold Friend forces her t realize that not everyone will fall for the tough and cool exterior. Arnold’s friendly exterior keeps her off guard just long enough for him to draw her in.  Ã‚   He knows that deep inside she is scared and eager to please; this is how he wins her ultimate and fatal compliance.   He had forced her to realize that she was not the tough chick she wanted to be, and she notes that she just felt empty.   The shell was cracked, and there was nothing inside.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both of these stories contrast the exterior of a person with his or her interior.   In the face of a perilous situation, both the Grandmother and Connie realize they cannot fall back on their usual game.   Both, then allow themselves to be victimized in the absence of any other choices.

Women On International Assignments

Women On International Assignments During the past two decades, more and more organizations have been going global, and, as a result, more and more employees are being sent on international assignments. Employers are sending more female workers on international assignments than ever before, according to a report. The study looked at 100 multinational companies with about 17,000 male and female employees working overseas. This trend reflects the increasingly global nature of modern companies. Nowhere is this dynamic more palpable than it is in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly China, which reports the greatest rise in number of female assignees. But this is not the only region experiencing a boom in the number of female assignees. Respondents from North America report having nearly four times as many female assignees, while their European counterparts say they have twice as many. The trend is expected to continue. Fifty-five percent of respondents anticipate that the number of female assignees will increase steadily over the next five years. Only 4 percent of the survey participants believe the number of female assignees will decline. For their part, female workers are willing to take on assignments overseas because they can open opportunities for professional advancement. An increasingly young, multicultural and diverse workforce brings an important new phase to expatriate assignments, termed the pre-decision phase. Pre-decision can be likened to an assignment due diligence procedure that includes a careful assessment of all aspects associated with the proposed posting. Vital to this process is the opportunity to visit and evaluate living, housing, working, schooling and lifestyle options in the host location. Many Generation X (22-35 years old) and Generation Y (21 and under) employees will refuse an assignment outright if this is not offered, leaving International HR departments little option than to offer the possibility. The first hurdle to be faced by the hopeful applicant is the selection process itself. After confirming the technical competence and suitability of the candidate, companies generally have two principal assessment targets in identifying their potential expatriates. One is the cross-cultural competence of the candidate (and accompanying partner). This includes knowledge, skills, and personality traits. The other is termed situational readiness and takes in all factors that may influence the assignment, such as candidates career path objectives and personal factors that may influence the assignment. Cross-cultural personality assessment is usually combined with behavioral interviews to form a complete picture of individual competencies, weaknesses and strengths. Candidates should keep these desirable characteristics in mind when undergoing assessment. Female graduates should be aware that worldwide women hold a very low percentage of all international management positions. This circumstance not only hinders the business success of multinational firms abroad but it also limits opportunities for women to succeed at home. Most multinational companies prefer that their senior management have abundant overseas experience. Excluded from that experience, women are also excluded from promotions and power later in their careers. It is necessary, therefore, for women to lobby for these assignments early in their careers. Often the selection process within an organization will be less than transparent, and a proactive standpoint will be necessary. This briefing paper clearly brings about the problems faced by women on international assignments. TERMS OF REFERENCE: The briefing paper was prepared to assume me as the researcher. Let the client be a company that wishes to send their women employees on international assignments. For which they were in need of knowing almost all the pros and cons of doing the same. The result and the ideas that I suggest may or may not satisfy the company. OVERVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION: The specific problems faced by women in international assignments were found to be, Barriers to women in management (entry level) Barriers to women in career path Personality traits Adjustment problems Cultural,social,legal,economic and political factors Several women were offered positions only if there were no suitable male candidates for the post. ANALYSIS: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis can be a useful tool in the assessment of the gender dimension of development programmes. The SWOT analysis as follows: Strengths: internal features of a project that have proved effective in addressing gender issues (e.g. project components, methods and techniques for implementation, monitoring and evaluation techniques, project staff and management); Weaknesses: internal features of a project that have not proved effective in addressing gender issues; Opportunities: external factors that may assist in overcoming the weaknesses and building on the strengths; and Threats: external constraints that restrict the range of opportunities for change. Although the above operational definitions for opportunities and threats specify a focus on external factors and external constraints. This is appropriate for ongoing projects and programmes since both the internal and external factors in opportunities and threats are relevant. What this shows, at a general level, is the need to adjust tools such as the SWOT analysis to the situation in which they are being used. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Weaknesses high rate of womens participation during programme formulation good participation by other stakeholders (e.g. Ministry of Gender, Youth and Community Services) project addresses the most vulnerable woman-headed households and marginalized women water users associations formed in which both women and men participate women participate in irrigation scheme activities equal opportunity for women and men to access credit and markets through water users associations no provision in project design for conducting a baseline study to act as a foundation for addressing food security, nutrition and income enhancement lack of training on gender issues cultural values: women tend to be shy during group meetings women have no access to modern machines and other technology (e.g. ploughs, tractors) Opportunities Threats conduct a baseline study strengthen the linkage with the gender mainstreaming efforts coordinated by the extension services of the Department of Agriculture support the development of labor-saving technologies the problem of the sustainability of womens empowerment, given the relatively short period of the programme, coupled with lack of training programme affected by the displacement of people due to droughts and floods limited funds Strengths Restructured, rationalized and focused Good political leadership Trained, skilled and experienced staff Project implementation experience Focused on policy and not interventions Focused on helping private sector Based in the commercial capital of the Country Already involved with various marketing interventions, i.e. warehouse receipt Support to cooperatives and participation in international trade conferences Capable and constructive senior civil servants weakness Limited operating budget(poorly funded) Distant from capital (isolated) Staff poorly paid Low staff morale Lack of marketing expertise Lack of marketing expertise -indeed, considerable naivety in the understanding of support to private-sector marketing interventions Ministry has a very wide agenda and is lacking in focus Probably finds it difficult to give sufficient resources to rural marketing Staff poorly paid and lacking motivation at middle and lower levels. opportunities Much donor goodwill Government reform programme for function analysis, downsizing, liberalization and privatization. Key ministry and lead sector Size and remit offer opportunity to become the lead ministry for support to small-scale farmer marketing Opportunity to become the lead ministry and catalyst to the private sector by supporting existing entrepreneurs and the private sectors involvement with marketing. Threats. Staff turn over Shifts in political climate Limited field presence due to Decentralization Lack of sympathy and understanding of the private sector will seriously disadvantage its identification of interventions. Unsure of its status to assist with rural marketing Seen as a promoter of cooperatives a concept derided by private sector. SOLUTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS: Women need air-miles to improve their international career prospects, but the first challenge many ambitious women face is getting an assignment in the first place. Women entering traditional gender-typed occupations can find themselves in such archetypal female ghetto occupations as secretarial work. Women nowadays can enter the employment with the same level of educational attainment as men. Women graduates expressed as much interest in international careers as their male colleagues which shows their managerial capacity. There are many ways to be get rid of the problems that arose due to the adjustment problems. They can handle them by their own. Adopt a sophisticated approach to the determination of criteria for effective international managers. Monitor their selection processes to ensure access is not unfairly restricted to specific section of employees. Avoid assumptions as to the likely motivation of women to accept overseas assignment and the likely success rate of women expatriates. Decision-makers make assumptions as to what they think the best sort of assignment for someone would be. When they move that framework over to women they tend to eliminate certain jobs because of the locations they are in and assume they are either too dangerous or difficult. Depending upon the degree to which a culture has been involved in the process of globalization, foreign businesswomen are seen firstly as business people, secondly as representatives of their culture, and thirdly as women. In a shrinking, wired, global world there are still many reasons why companies choose to send expatriates rather than hiring locally, including meeting key strategic business requirements, such as the need to establish a business presence quickly in response to rapid market developments and helping to recruit, orient and train new employees. Perhaps still most importantly, expatriates play a strategic role in the transfer of corporate values and culture. It is cultural attitudes toward the role of women in child-rearing and family life which play a role in this shortfall as women move through different life stages. Adopt an educative approach to the organizational resistance to sending women abroad; do not assume it is the result of direct prejudice. Try to be in right place at the right time. FORECASTS OUTCOMES: Men still account for the lions share of international assignments, but an increasing number of women are going to foreign lands as well. By 2010, participating companies predicted that 20% of the expatriate population would be female. Although it is undocumented, international HR executives estimate that about half of all female expatriates are not married and go on assignments as singles. Domestic U.S. relocation figures have shown dramatic increases in the transfers of women as well, and these statistics may support the forecast of an upward trend in the international arena. According to the Employee Relocation Council, women, who made up 5% of the domestic transferee population in 1980, made up 11% of that group in 1986 and 18% in 1991. The forecast for 2010 is 24%. Companies also reported that they are expanding their global talent banks and using more focused and competency-based selection tools. More women are listed as candidates for key overseas positions than they were 5 to 10 years ago. We are no longer making the faulty assumption that women are not mobile and not interested in a foreign assignment, said one HR executive. REFERRENCE SECTION: Napier, N.K. and Taylor, S (2002) Experiences of women professionals abroad. Powell.G. (1988) Women and men in management, Beverly hills. International Human Resource Management, Annie-Wil Harzing, J. Van Russeyveldt, 2004. Handbook of research in international human resource management by Gunter K.Stahl, Ingmar Biorkman, 2006. Women in Management: Current Research issues by Marilyn Davidson, Ronald J Burke, 2000. Expatriate women managers: genders, culture and career by Katharina Hartl, 2003. Senior female international managers: why so few? By Margaret Linehan, 2000. Fundamentals of human resource management by Raymond A Noe, 2004. The gender of the gift: problems with women and society by Marilyn Strathem, 1990.